NMPFamsDB

NMPFamsDB

NMPFamsDB

A database of Novel Metagenome Protein Families

A database of Novel Metagenome Protein Clusters

A database of Novel Metagenome Protein Clusters
x
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. By using NMPFamDB you consent to all cookies in accordance with our privacy policy. OK
Metagenome Family F083555

Metagenome Family F083555

Go to section:
Overview Alignments Structure & Topology Gene Neighborhood Phylogeny Ecosystems Sequences
Select file to download:
   Download


Overview

Basic Information
Family ID F083555
Family Type Metagenome
Number of Sequences 112
Average Sequence Length 48 residues
Representative Sequence MSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Number of Associated Samples 11
Number of Associated Scaffolds 112

Quality Assessment
Transcriptomic Evidence No
Most common taxonomic group Unclassified
% of genes with valid RBS motifs 66.67 %
% of genes near scaffold ends (potentially truncated) 1.79 %
% of genes from short scaffolds (< 2000 bps) 0.89 %
Associated GOLD sequencing projects 9
AlphaFold2 3D model prediction Yes
3D model pTM-score0.38

Note: High quality evidence is represented by blue. Low quality evidence is represented by red.
Hidden Markov Model
Powered by Skylign

Most Common Taxonomy
Group Unclassified (98.214 % of family members)
NCBI Taxonomy ID N/A
Taxonomy N/A

Most Common Ecosystem
GOLD Ecosystem Host-Associated → Arthropoda → Digestive System → Gut → Unclassified → Termite Gut
(100.000 % of family members)
Environment Ontology (ENVO) Unclassified
(100.000 % of family members)
Earth Microbiome Project Ontology (EMPO) Host-associated → Animal → Animal proximal gut
(100.000 % of family members)



 ⦗Top⦘

Multiple Sequence Alignments

Select alignment to view:      


 ⦗Top⦘

Structure & Topology

Predicted Secondary Structure and Topology

Predicted Topology & Secondary Structure
Classification: Globular Signal Peptide: Yes Secondary Structure distribution: α-helix: 46.67%    β-sheet: 0.00%    Coil/Unstructured: 53.33%
Feature Viewer
Powered by Feature Viewer

Predicted 3D Structure

Structure Viewer
Per-residue confidence (pLDDT):
  0-50   51-70   71-90   91-100  
pTM-score: 0.38
Powered by PDBe Molstar

Low Quality Model:

This family has a low confidence model (pTM < 0.7) and has not been screened against SCOPe or PDB.


 ⦗Top⦘

Gene Neighborhood

Neighboring Pfam domains

Pfam IDName % Frequency in 112 Family Scaffolds
PF00135COesterase 0.89
PF00069Pkinase 0.89
PF09727CortBP2 0.89
PF06775Seipin 0.89

Neighboring Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COGs)

COG IDNameFunctional Category % Frequency in 112 Family Scaffolds
COG0515Serine/threonine protein kinaseSignal transduction mechanisms [T] 3.57
COG2272Carboxylesterase type BLipid transport and metabolism [I] 0.89


 ⦗Top⦘

Phylogeny

NCBI Taxonomy

Select NCBI taxonomy Level:
NameRankTaxonomyDistribution
UnclassifiedrootN/A98.21 %
All OrganismsrootAll Organisms1.79 %

Visualization
Powered by ApexCharts

Associated Scaffolds


ScaffoldTaxonomyLengthIMG/M Link
3300002834|JGI24696J40584_12634217Not Available681Open in IMG/M
3300009826|Ga0123355_10012385All Organisms → cellular organisms → Eukaryota → Opisthokonta → Metazoa → Eumetazoa → Bilateria → Protostomia → Ecdysozoa → Panarthropoda → Arthropoda → Mandibulata → Pancrustacea → Hexapoda → Insecta → Dicondylia → Pterygota → Neoptera13208Open in IMG/M
3300010162|Ga0131853_10019754All Organisms → cellular organisms → Eukaryota → Opisthokonta → Metazoa → Eumetazoa → Bilateria → Protostomia → Ecdysozoa → Panarthropoda → Arthropoda → Mandibulata → Pancrustacea → Hexapoda → Insecta → Dicondylia → Pterygota → Neoptera → Polyneoptera → Dictyoptera → Blattodea → Blaberoidea → Ectobiidae → Blattellinae → Blattella → Blattella germanica12257Open in IMG/M



 ⦗Top⦘

Environmental Properties

Associated Habitat Types

Select Environment Taxonomy Level:
HabitatTaxonomyDistribution
Termite GutHost-Associated → Arthropoda → Digestive System → Gut → Unclassified → Termite Gut100.00%

Visualization
Powered by ApexCharts



Associated Samples

Taxon OIDSample NameHabitat TypeIMG/M Link
3300002450Cornitermes sp. P3 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Co191 P3Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300002552Cornitermes sp. P1 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Co191P1Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300002834Cornitermes sp. P4 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Co191P4Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300009784Embiratermes neotenicus P4 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Emb289 P4Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300009826Embiratermes neotenicus P1 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Emb289 P1Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300010049Embiratermes neotenicus P3 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Emb289 P3Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300010162Labiotermes labralis P1 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Lab288 P1 (version 2)Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300010167Labiotermes labralis P3 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Lab288 P3Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300010369Labiotermes labralis P1 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Lab288 P1 (version 3)Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300010882Labiotermes labralis P4 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Lab288 P4Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M
3300027864Cornitermes sp. P1 segment gut microbial communities from Petit-Saut dam, French Guiana - Co191P1 (SPAdes)Host-AssociatedOpen in IMG/M

Geographical Distribution
Zoom:     Powered by OpenStreetMap



 ⦗Top⦘

Family Sequences

Protein ID Sample Taxon ID Habitat Sequence
JGI24695J34938_1033961923300002450Termite GutMSLAFIFNYLMLNVFQMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLWFGWGGGYPYA
JGI24695J34938_1039675313300002450Termite GutMSLASLFLYLMFNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFGELFHVLYCSGTMCVGVTLWF
JGI24695J34938_1052133313300002450Termite GutMSFAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMCVGVTLWFGWGG
JGI24694J35173_1006131913300002552Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLNIHPHELETYLLLFHGLYXSGTMCVGVTLWFGW
JGI24694J35173_1035540313300002552Termite GutMSLAFLLHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMCV
JGI24694J35173_1037038513300002552Termite GutMSLAFIFNYLMLNVFQMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLWFGWGGVYPDAG
JGI24694J35173_1041971623300002552Termite GutMSHASLFRYLMPNMFRMLVHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTVWFGW
JGI24694J35173_1043145213300002552Termite GutMSLVFLIHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHVLYCSGTMRVGVTVWFGW
JGI24694J35173_1080090223300002552Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGMYCSGTIRVGVTLW
JGI24694J35173_1082740413300002552Termite GutMSLAFLFPYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSSSMCVGDTVWFGWGG
JGI24696J40584_1232933723300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFNYFILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTM
JGI24696J40584_1235484923300002834Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLEHPSSGDCDLFVELFRGLYCSGTMSVGVTVW
JGI24696J40584_1241271713300002834Termite GutMSLAFIFNYLMLNVFQMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLWFGWGG
JGI24696J40584_1250382613300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACNLFVELFYGLYCSGTM
JGI24696J40584_1258947113300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLMFNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFGELFHVLYCSGTMCVGVTLWFGWGGVVS
JGI24696J40584_1263421713300002834Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLSMFRMLVHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTVWFGWGG
JGI24696J40584_1263728233300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLMFNMFRMLIRPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLWFGWGG
JGI24696J40584_1267641813300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTM
JGI24696J40584_1270652823300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFHYFILNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGMMHVGVMLWFGW
JGI24696J40584_1278909513300002834Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLWFGWGG
Ga0123357_1004566043300009784Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123357_1008972013300009784Termite GutMALALLFLYLILNMFQMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYWSGSMCVGVTLWFGCGGVVSVCR
Ga0123357_1009306113300009784Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCTC
Ga0123357_1018650313300009784Termite GutMSLTLLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGC
Ga0123357_1029352413300009784Termite GutMSIALLFYYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGCGGVVSVCR
Ga0123357_1030337713300009784Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0123357_1034131433300009784Termite GutVSRALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0123357_1041251213300009784Termite GutMSLALLLHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTSWFVWS
Ga0123357_1044830313300009784Termite GutMLLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGC
Ga0123357_1044876813300009784Termite GutMSLALFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0123357_1045085313300009784Termite GutMSLALLFLYLMLNMFRALIHPSSGACNLFVELFHGLHCSGSMCVGVTLWFGCGGVVS
Ga0123357_1045802413300009784Termite GutMSLALLFLYLMLNVFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0123357_1050202213300009784Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSG
Ga0123357_1063287113300009784Termite GutMSVALLFHYVILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLY
Ga0123357_1067389113300009784Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGS
Ga0123357_1069041813300009784Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGC
Ga0123357_1069877313300009784Termite GutMSLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFAELFRGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGCG
Ga0123357_1077392613300009784Termite GutMSLALLFRYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGC
Ga0123357_1091951413300009784Termite GutMSIALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLCAELFRGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0123355_1001238563300009826Termite GutMPLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGTCDIFVELFHGFYCSGSMCVGVTLWFG*
Ga0123355_1007338013300009826Termite GutMSLALLLLSLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGCGGVV
Ga0123355_1018358423300009826Termite GutMSLVLLFHYLMLNMFRMLKHPSSWACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWWCGYHTTTAKPQRNTN
Ga0123355_1021789713300009826Termite GutMSIALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMC
Ga0123355_1022786413300009826Termite GutMSLALLFLYFMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFG
Ga0123355_1023452113300009826Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGICDLFVELFRGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0123355_1024244113300009826Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123355_1025628613300009826Termite GutMSFAVLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123355_1026533013300009826Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0123355_1028927113300009826Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWF
Ga0123355_1038371333300009826Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCV
Ga0123355_1042562313300009826Termite GutMLLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0123355_1045735713300009826Termite GutMSLALLFIYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTL
Ga0123355_1046752313300009826Termite GutMPLPLLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCV
Ga0123355_1055239513300009826Termite GutMSLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYC
Ga0123355_1075102313300009826Termite GutMSLALLFLYLMLNVFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGCGG
Ga0123355_1082081433300009826Termite GutMSLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGW
Ga0123355_1111442513300009826Termite GutMSVALLFHYVILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMC
Ga0123355_1135009013300009826Termite GutMSLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFAELFRGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0123355_1181061113300009826Termite GutMSIALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLCAELFRGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFG
Ga0123355_1193518613300009826Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYC
Ga0123356_1023640713300010049Termite GutMSVALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0123356_1035644313300010049Termite GutMPLPLLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCS
Ga0123356_1065106313300010049Termite GutMSLALLFNYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGS
Ga0123356_1101368313300010049Termite GutMSLALLFLYLMFNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0123356_1120961213300010049Termite GutMSLTLLFLYSMFNVFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFG
Ga0123356_1162327113300010049Termite GutMSLALLIHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACNLFVELFHGLYC
Ga0123356_1174440413300010049Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGLMCVGVTLW
Ga0123356_1230428213300010049Termite GutMSLTLLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123356_1266282513300010049Termite GutMSLALLFLYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACNLFVELFHGLHCSGSMCVGV
Ga0123356_1339430413300010049Termite GutLMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGTCGLFVELFHGLY*
Ga0131853_1001749553300010162Termite GutMSLALLFHYLVLNMFGMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMCAGVTVWFGWGGVVSLCRLNH*
Ga0131853_10019754113300010162Termite GutMSLALLCHYLLLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFDELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFG
Ga0131853_1009066613300010162Termite GutMSLPLLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCV
Ga0131853_1011515113300010162Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLNMFQMLIHPSSRAGDLFVELFHGLYCSGSICVGVTLWFGLGWCGIRIPVK*
Ga0131853_1021610813300010162Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLSDELFHGLYCSVTMCVGVTLWFGW
Ga0131853_1055589513300010162Termite GutMSLAILFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGWGGV
Ga0131853_1124056313300010162Termite GutMSLAFVFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGW
Ga0123353_1001431213300010167Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHELYCSGTMCVGVTLWFG
Ga0123353_1010135423300010167Termite GutMSLPLLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123353_1012266113300010167Termite GutLALLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSGACNLFVELFHGLHCSGSMRVGVTL*
Ga0123353_1015309413300010167Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSGACNLFVELFHG
Ga0123353_1028389463300010167Termite GutMSHAFLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTVWFGWGVAVL
Ga0123353_1031427233300010167Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTV
Ga0123353_1047680743300010167Termite GutVSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLHCSGSMRVGV
Ga0123353_1070739113300010167Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWWCG
Ga0123353_1077277113300010167Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLY
Ga0123353_1097240413300010167Termite GutMSLALLFLYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWWCG
Ga0123353_1098121913300010167Termite GutMSLALLFHSLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYC
Ga0123353_1128493813300010167Termite GutMSLAILFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123353_1201002113300010167Termite GutMSLALLFNYSILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTLWFGW
Ga0123353_1221967913300010167Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMRV
Ga0136643_1015475513300010369Termite GutMSLALLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTVWFGW
Ga0136643_1015988113300010369Termite GutMSHAFLFHYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVT
Ga0136643_1034252413300010369Termite GutMSLAFVFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0136643_1047780313300010369Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHG
Ga0123354_1013864913300010882Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCS
Ga0123354_1026687713300010882Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSEACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0123354_1039298913300010882Termite GutMSLALLFHSLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVG
Ga0209755_1005159843300027864Termite GutMSLAFIFNYLMLNVFQMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLWFGWGGVVSG
Ga0209755_1010657713300027864Termite GutMSLTFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHLSPGACDLFVELFHGLYYSGTMRVGVTLWFGW
Ga0209755_1011170033300027864Termite GutMSLAFLFHNLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGMMCV
Ga0209755_1015643033300027864Termite GutMSLAFLFHYFMFNMFWMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTLCFGWG
Ga0209755_1018204423300027864Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLMFNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFGELFHVLYCSGTMCVGVTLW
Ga0209755_1021137813300027864Termite GutMSLASLFPYLMLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGMHCSGTMRVGVTLWFGCGGVVSG
Ga0209755_1022067313300027864Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFNGLYCSGSMCVGV
Ga0209755_1034795013300027864Termite GutMSLALLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMCV
Ga0209755_1037274433300027864Termite GutMSLAFLFHYLILNMFRMLIQPPSGACDLFVELFHWLYCSGTMCVGVTLWF
Ga0209755_1039559113300027864Termite GutMSLAFLFPYLKLNMFRMLIHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMCVGVTVWFGWSGV
Ga0209755_1044990213300027864Termite GutMSLAFFLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGSMC
Ga0209755_1046685013300027864Termite GutMSLAYLFHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFIELFHGLYCSGMMRVGVMLWF
Ga0209755_1065681213300027864Termite GutMSLAFLLHYLILNMFRMLIHPSSGACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMCVGVTLWLAG
Ga0209755_1074895413300027864Termite GutMSHASLFRYLMPNMFRMLVHPSSRACDLFVELFHGLYCSGTMRVGVTVWFGWGGVV


 ⦗Top⦘


© Pavlopoulos Lab, Bioinformatics & Integrative Biology | B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming" | Privacy Notice
Make sure JavaScript is enabled in your browser settings to achieve functionality.